Control Systems in Robotics Projects for Electrical Engineering Students

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Control Systems in Robotics Projects for Electrical Engineering Students

Control systems are crucial in the development of robotic systems, which rely on accurate and real-time control for tasks such as navigation, manipulation, and task execution. For electrical engineering students, building control systems for robots offers practical exposure to feedback mechanisms, sensors, and actuators.

4.1 Key Components of a Robotic Control System

  • Actuators and Motors: The control system regulates the movement of actuators (e.g., DC motors, stepper motors, or servo motors) based on sensor feedback.

  • Sensors: Sensors such as encoders, proximity sensors, and LIDAR provide real-time data to the control system, which uses this data to make decisions about motion, speed, and direction.

4.2 Designing Robot Control Systems

  • Path Planning: Students learn how to implement path-planning algorithms such as A search*, Dijkstra’s algorithm, or SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping), enabling the robot to navigate around obstacles and reach its destination.

  • PID Control for Motor Speed and Position: A PID control system regulates the speed and position of the motors in robotic systems, ensuring smooth and accurate movement.

4.3 Example Projects for Robotics Control Systems

  • Autonomous Mobile Robot: Students design a control system that enables a robot to navigate a room using ultrasonic sensors to avoid obstacles and reach a target.

  • Robot Arm Control: Students design a system to control the position of a robotic arm with a PID controller, allowing it to pick up and place objects accurately.

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